The Careers of Top Managers and Firm Openness: Internal Versus External Labour Markets

This paper studies the careers of top managers using a large panel of firms. The main objective is to empirically evaluate the role of learning and human capital acquisition in promotion dynamics along with variables capturing the formation of internal labour market (ILM) practices. We find that promotion is negatively correlated with tenure, but that there is a non-linear negative duration dependence with elapsed time since the last promotion event. Firms showing a weaker degree of ILM are less prone to promote insiders. We next take the manager's career inside a firm as a sequence of promotion decisions, and use a nested structure of the promotion decision modelled as a nested logit model. �Results show that the top manager's progression nest into four types: loser, early starter, late beginner, and champion, and that the degree of ILM as a signigicant impact on the process of learning inside the firm.

Internal Labor Markets: a Case Study

We select one firm from a large data set of firms and study its internal economics. First we prove that the information available allows us to inspect the personnel policies of the firm. Furthermore, this fact allows moving from the case study to more comprehensive studies in personnel economics using institutional surveys. The analysis also shows the patterns of workers' promotions and the differences in the characteristics of insider versus outsider workers. The decision to promote is analyzed. The hierarchic design directly influences the wage policy. Wages are determined to a great extent by the layers of the hierarchy. There are wage premiums upon promotion, even if the worker does not change his place in the organization. When the promoted worker moves up in the hierarchy he comes from the top of the wage distribution at the old job and goes to the bottom of it in the new job. We present evidence on workers' exit and entry to the bottom of the wage distribution, especially in the lower part of the hierarchy.N/

Forecasting exchange rates in the frequency domain

Since a long a time that the exchange predictability is a hot topic for finance practitioners and researchers. In this dissertation we study the exchange rate predictability using a method that has never been applied in the literature: the frequency domain. The uncovered interest rate parity, studied by Fisher (1896) was the model selected for this investigation. Instead of the original time series applied in Rossi (2013), we applied the Faria and Verona (2017) methodology in the Rossi (2013) framework. The frequency-decomposed predictor method tested in the interest rate differential model, does not improve the exchange rate predictability across the sample and time horizon selected. This conclusion come from a horse race analysis of different exchange rates, different filters and different frequencies.Desde há muito tempo que, a previsibilidade da taxa de câmbio é um tema quente em mente para profissionais de finanças e pesquisadores. Nesta dissertação estudamos a previsibilidade da taxa de câmbio por um método que nunca foi aplicado neste ramo: o domínio de frequências. A taxa de juro, estudada por Fisher (1896), foi o preditor selecionado para esta investigação. Em vez da original série temporal aplicada em Rossi (2013), aplicamos a metodologia de Faria e Verona (2017) na estimativa de Rossi (2013). O método preditor de decomposição em frequência testado no diferencial da taxa de juro, não melhora a previsibilidade da taxa de câmbio em toda a amostra e horizonte temporal selecionado. Esta conclusão vem de uma análise de corrida de cavalos de diferentes taxas de câmbio, diferentes filtros e diferentes frequências

Diagnostic assay for late-onset Alzheimer's disease

The present invention provides a quantitative assay for early diagnosis of late-onset sporadic AD in living individuals using peripheral tissue biopsy. The assay may also be used for post-mortem diagnosis. More particularly, the invention relates to detecting changes in the level of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase activity for diagnosing and monitoring AD.Board of Regents, University of Texas Syste

Internal labour markets: a case study

We select one firm from a large data set of firms and study its internal economics. First we prove that the information available allows us to inspect the personnel policies of the firm. Furthermore, this fact allows moving from the case study to more comprehensive studies in personnel economics using institutional surveys. The analysis also shows the patterns of workers' promotions and the differences in the characteristics of insider versus outsider workers. The decision to promote is analyzed. The hierarchic design directly influences the wage policy. Wages are determined to a great extent by the layers of the hierarchy. There are wage premiums upon promotion, even if the worker does not change his place in the organization. When the promoted worker moves up in the hierarchy he comes from the top of the wage distribution at the old job and goes to the bottom of it in the new job. We present evidence on workers' exit and entry to the bottom of the wage distribution, especially in the lower part of the hierarchy.Internal labor market, personnel economics, hierarchy

Diferencias en manifestaciones de estrés asociadas al sexo a lo largo de la adolescencia

La evidencia empírica muestra un amplio acuerdo respecto a las diferencias en estrés asociadas al sexo, encontrando una mayor incidencia de estresores y un mayor impacto emocional de los mismos en chicas (Byrne, Davenport y Mazanov, 2007; Moksnes, Eilertsen y Lazarewicz, 2016). Ellas informan de sufrir mayores estresores en el dominio de las relaciones interpersonales, con familia, iguales y pareja (Forns, Kirchner, Abad y Amador, 2012; Hamilton, Stange, Abramson y Alloy, 2015). Asimismo, las chicas sufren claramente mayor incidencia de sintomatología internalizada, comparadas con los chicos (Hamilton et al., 2015). El objetivo del presente trabajo es examinar las diferencias en las manifestaciones de estrés entre chicas y chicos a lo largo de las diferentes etapas de la adolescencia.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Asociación entre manifestaciones de estrés y ajuste emocional en adolescentes

La experiencia y manifestaciones de estrés adquieren importancia en la etapa adolescente, ya que los cambios físicos, cognitivos, socioemocionales y conductuales asociados a este período evolutivo implican numerosos acontecimientos generadores de estrés. En la adolescencia, los estresores pueden provenir de diversos ámbitos como el familiar, académico, relaciones con los iguales, relaciones románticas, conflictos de conciliación entre ocio y exigencias académicas, decisiones sobre el futuro y preocupaciones relacionadas con la apariencia física y la propia identidad (Byrne, Davenport y Mazanov, 2007). Atendiendo al modelo de estrés como respuesta, las estresores citados anteriormente originan una serie de manifestaciones emocionales, conductuales y fisiológicas. En población adolescente, Fimian, Fastenau, Tashner y Cross (1989) incluyen entre las primeras sentimientos de irritabilidad, miedo, preocupación, ansiedad, agobio, incapacidad para afrontar el instituto, indecisión, incertidumbre, enfado y dejar las cosas para otro día. Las manifestaciones conductuales implican conductas motoras u observables, tales como actuar a la defensiva, descuidar las amistades, actitudes negativas en las relaciones interpersonales con iguales y profesorado, y absentismo escolar por enfermedad. Finalmente, las manifestaciones fisiológicas abarcan cambios de apetito, sudor frío, sensación de hormigueo, afonía, taquicardia y molestias en el estómago. El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar la relación entre manifestaciones de estrés (emocionales, conductuales y fisiológicas) y medidas de ansiedad, depresión y autoestima en población adolescente.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Factores que determinan la presencia de Paramyxovirus aviar -1 en aves silvestres y cinegéticas

Trabajo Fin de Máster: Máster universitario en Investigación Básica y Aplicada en Recursos Cinegéticos. Tema: Enfermedades de las aves silvestres.En este estudio se pretende describir y entender la epidemiología de Paramyxovirus aviar (aPMV-1) en diferentes especies de aves a nivel nacional en la última década. Se analizaron 1194 sueros recogidos entre 2005 y 2014 en toda España pero principalmente en Castilla – La Mancha, de nueve especies diferentes: perdiz roja (Alectoris rufa), faisán común (Phaisanus colchicus), gaviota patiamarilla (Larus cachinans), paloma bravía (Columba livia), paloma torcaz (Columba palumbus), tórtola turca (Streptopelia decaocto), urraca (Pica pica), zorzal común (Turdus philomelos) y cigüeña blanca (Ciconia ciconia) mediante ELISA para la detección de anticuerpos frente al aPMV-1. La seroprevalencia media de aPMV-1 era de 15.7%, identificándose algunas especies como la paloma bravía y los Paseriformes con prevalencias significativamente más altas que el resto. Se observó una tendencia temporal a reducirse la seroprevalencia a lo largo de los años y un marcado efecto estacional, siendo invierno y otoño las estaciones con mayores seroprevalencias, posiblemente ligado a una mayor presencia y agregación de aves invernantes, por ejemplo columbiformes migratorias. Dado el aprovechamiento cinegético y manejo intensivo de la perdiz roja se evaluaron factores relacionados con la exposición de la misma a aPMV-. La seroprevalencia de aPMV-1 en perdices provenientes de cotos en los que solo existen poblaciones naturales es significativamente menor que en perdices muestreadas en granjas y en cotos en los que se realiza suelta de animales. Por otra parte las seroprevalencias de aPMV-1 muestran la misma variación estacional que las seroprevalencias en aves silvestres en general. Mediante la Inhibición de Hemaglutinación (IHA) se observaron títulos medios y altos de anticuerpos hemaglutinantes en perdices rojas seropositivas. Sin embargo no se detectó genoma viral de aPMV-1 mediante RT-PCR a tiempo real en los hisopos orales y cloacales tomados de las perdices. Estos resultados reflejan la circulación continua de aPMV-1 en España y la exposición de la perdiz roja al virus, además de un posible efecto de su manejo sobre esta exposición.Peer Reviewe

The portuguese judicial system : descriptive enquiry on problems faced and a model for productivity

Mestrado em Economia Monetária e FinanceiraEsta tese pretende estudar o sistema judicial Português, em particular a produtividade judicial dos tribunais Portugueses. O trabalho divide-se em duas grandes áreas. Primeiro, oferece uma visão sobre o estado do sistema judicial Português e oferece uma narrativa sobre as razões que levam o sistema judicial Português a ser visto como um bloqueio ao desenvolvimento económico em Portugal. Na segunda parte do trabalho é desenvolvido um modelo econométrico que ajude a explicar a produtividade judicial. O principal contributo da segunda parte do trabalho para a literatura é a capacidade de resolver problemas de endogeneidade não estudados em trabalhos anteriores.There seems to be a wide agreement in Portuguese society that the legal system is one of the main structural problems and one reason for the anemic economic growth experienced in recent years. The objective of this paper is twofold. First, it offers a view on the state of the Portuguese judicial system over the past two decades and contributes with a perspective on the reasons Portuguese justice can be perceived as a roadblock on economic development. Second, it goes further and tries to explore potential answers by constructing na econometric model that connects judge?s productivity with its potential determinants. Furthermore, this econometric model also deals with endogeneity issues not dealt with in similar studies